There are a large number of various parasites that may exist in the internal organs of a person or live in their skin and hair.The inclusion of these parasites can be helminthes.
Helminthes- The general name of parasitic worms living in the human body, other animals or plants.
According to statistical data from the World Health Organization, more than 4.5 billion people worldwide are infected with various parasites, many of which are helminths.
Official reports of report by the Russian Federation note an increase in the incidence of basic Helminthias in certain territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in particular: echinoccoccosis, opisthorchiasis.In a number of territories, the incidence indicators of enterobiosis and ascaridosis remain at a high level.
However, there are many ways to enter the human body, however, one of the most common means of infection is infection through food products.Poorly washed vegetables, fruits or herbs, insufficiently fried or boiled meat, fish, poultry, poorly treated foods can cause infection by helminthes.
You can be infected in case of inappropriate storage of the finished product, for example, storage of sweet pastries without protective packaging can cause infection by helminths, whose eggs can enter the finished product using flies or other insects.
Let us try to determine the helminthes transmitted with food and are the most frequent in our country, and how to minimize the risk of infection with them.
Supreme (cat, hepatic, lanceolate, etc.)
Fasciolosis
In humans, more than 40 types of sub -plates can parasitize, while the location of helminths in the body can be very different - liver, light and blood vessels.
The liver borrower is the causal agent of the fasciolase and affects the liver and the gallbladder.
A person is infected when using vegetable patch crops, for water in open ponds.
Patients have general symptoms of intoxication - weakness, decrease in appetite, nausea, headache.Allergic reactions can occur in the form of skin or hives, asthmatic attacks.
An increase in the size of the parasite can lead to a violation of the flow of bile in the duodenum and the occurrence of signs of mechanical jaundice.Patients suffer from pain in the right hypochondrium.Then, the yellow of the skin can be observed and the excrement is discolored.
Opistorchoz
Causal agents of opisthorchiasis are a cat saucer.
Human infection occurs when raw, not sufficiently thermally transformed or salted with fish.
The clinical manifestations of opisthorchiasis are characterized by a significant variety.It depends on the individual characteristics of the body, as well as the intensity and duration of the infection.The number of parasitic verses can fluctuate in a wide range: unique parasites with several dozen, even hundreds.The repeated use of infected fish leads to an increase in the infection and the worsening of clinical manifestations.Clinically, the disease can be accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the patients, the appearance of hives, itching skin, muscles and joint pain.Patients can have pain in the right hypochondrium, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, nausea.
Paragonism
The main causal agent of paragonimosis in humans is a pulmonary bacon.
The causal agent of the disease enters into the intestines of a person when he eats crustaceans living in areas, where there is a lens of the disease, and migrates through the body: they penetrate through the intestinal wall in the abdominal cavity, then enter the pleural cavity through diaphragm, then in pulmonary tissue.Longer larvae can also penetrate other organs and tissues.The location of the parasite in the brain is particularly dangerous.The impulmonary location of the parasite occurs in a third of infected people and is often the cause of death.
At the start of the disease, when pulmonary bacon only migrates in the body, the disease takes place almost asymptomatic.Sometimes, small allergic reactions, itchy skin is possible, less often - abdominal pain, jaundice.As soon as the parasite reaches the final location, patients have symptoms pronounced with pulmonary damage: constant cough with abundant expectations, intense pain in the chest.During the disease, various complications can occur, for example, pneumothorax - air entering the pleural cavity.Very often in patients, pneumonia or pleurisy (inflammation in the pleural cavity) develop.
Ribbon verse
Ribbon verses (Cestodes) - A group of parasites with a form of ribbon and composed of a different number of anatomically isolated segments - swallow.The dimensions of the worms vary from a few millimeters to 10-15 meters or more.At the front of the worm, the head is located, which is an organ of fixing the parasite to the human intestinal mucosa.Helmint is fixed to the intestinal wall using different devices - rounded or slot suction cups, hooks.
Difillobotriosis
The causal agent of dipillobotriosis is a wide strip, which lives in the intestines of a person.
The strip has a wide length of 12 to 15 meters or more, and the number of Several Segments a thousand.
Human infection occurs when it is not sufficiently thermally transformed, freshly frozen, poorly chopped, poorly spun and chopped fish of raw fish, as well as when using freshly salty fish.The clinical picture is due to the mechanical effect of the Helminthe on the intestinal mucosa and the absorption of nutrients.Patients with dipillobotriosis complain of pain and rumble in the stomach, nausea, vomiting.There is often a stool disorder.With the simultaneous parasitization of several lines, intestinal obstruction can occur.
The strip ads vitamin B12 to its surface, which leads to a violation of the formation of red blood cells in the body of patients and to the occurrence of anemia.Patients have pallor of the skin, weakness, discomfort.
Toniarynchosis
The Causal Observation Agent is a Ténia Taureau, which is located by the small intestine of a person and can reach a length of 10 meters.
People are infected with tuatiarchiasis when they eat meat infected with cattle (badly cravings or cooked, string, minced meat).
Tunirinchosis often takes place asymptomatic and is detected by chance when the patient sees in his excrement a parasite segment, or detects them in bed or on clothes.During the interrogation, the patient can complain that he recently feels weakness, increased fatigue, sleep disturbance, rumbling skin in the abdomen, pain in the right venerable region, vomiting, a violation of the chair.
As a complication of tuirinchosis in patients, an acute appendicitis attack or intestinal obstruction can occur.
Tenose
The causal agent of tiniosis is a pork chain located in the small intestine of a person and can reach a length of 3 meters.
Pork tenia can be located in various organs and tissues.
Cytycchosis relatively favorably with location in subcutaneous tissues or skeletal muscles.
With ocular cyscosis, patients complain about distorting the shape of objects, deacrimation and a gradual decrease in visual acuity.
Brain cystiscosis is difficult and often ends with a deadly result for a sick person.
Echinococcosis
The causal agent of echinococcosis is an echinococcus, which is located in the liver and the lungs and can reach a length of 5 to 6 meters.
For one person, an Echinococcus infection is possible with the use of crops, vegetables or unwashed fruits, which could be parasitic eggs.
The clinical manifestations of the disease depend on the size, quantity and location of echinococcal bubbles in the patient's body.With the location of Echinococcus in the liver, patients complain about severity and pain in the right hyposondrium, as well as the yellow of the skin due to a violation of the flow of bile.The large cysts, by tightening the vein of the door, lead to a violation of the flow of the venous blood of the intestines and the appearance of the ascites - the accumulation of liquid in the abdominal cavity.
When located in the lungs, dry coughs and pain during breathing are affected.
Alveococcosis
The causal agent of alveococcosis is alveococcus, which affects the liver with possible metastases subsequent to various other organs.The size of the alveococcus does not exceed 5 mm.
A person is infected when she eats unwashed wild herbs and forestry berries, as well as during the consumption of products, a washing that is carried out in an open pond.
At the start of the disease, patients are concerned about weakness, discomfort, headaches, skin itching.In the future, complaints of a feeling of heaviness in the right hypocrochondrium may appear;Vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, especially after eating fatty foods.
The patient's condition worsened considerably when alveococcus enters other organs.The most dangerous metastases in the brain, kidneys, lungs.Against the context of the inhibition of the patient's immune system, the bubbles are very often suppuration, the abscesses occur in the internal bodies, which further aggravates the state of the patient and can be the cause of death.
Roundwall (nematodes)
Roundworms are one of the most numerous types of verses.Diseases caused by round worms are called nematodosis.
The body of the nematod has a spindle or threaded shape, the links at the ends, rounded in the transverse section, the size of the round of the worms may be different, but most often does not exceed 0.5 meters.
Acidose
The ascariase causal agent is a Ascaris, parasite in the small intestine of a person.The size of mature worms can reach 40 cm.
The main and only possible mechanism of human infection by ascaridosis is fecal-oral.Non -washed vegetables or fruits, water, household items, dirty hands are the main transmission factors.And if you remember the mechanical carriers of eggs - insects, then the list of products on which Askaride eggs can be extremely large.
Ascariase clinical manifestations depend on the amount of parasites in the small intestine.Most often, an individual lives in a person's intestines - so the disease is most often asymptomatic.
In the presence of several individuals in the body, patients have signs of body intoxication with verses.Patients complain of dizziness, headache, sleep disorders.There is a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, unstable chair.During parasitity a large amount of ascaride, symptoms of intestinal obstruction may appear.
Enterobiosis
The causal agent of enterobiosis is the cuts, which are located in the intestines, and can reach the size of up to 1 cm.
The only way of infection by cuts is the Fécale-Oral.Non -washed vegetables and fruits, household items, dirty hands are the main transmission factors.Insects can also be cutting eggs cutting for food.
During parasitity a small number of parasites, an asymptomatic course of the disease is possible, while in the presence of a large number of parasites, itching is observed in the anus, patients are possible in abdominal pain, nausea and stool disorder.
During the migration of females, females can penetrate the genitals with the subsequent presence of the inflammatory process.
Trichinosis
The causal agent of trichinellosis is trichinella, which is located in the small intestine and the skeletal muscles of the host.
Trichinella is one of the smallest nematodes.The parasitic sizes are barely 4 mm.Adult trichinelles are parasitizing in the small intestine, and in the larval stage in the transverse striped muscles, exclusion is the heart muscle.
A person is infected, using infected animals - wild boars, pigs, bears, seals.For infection, just use 30 to 50 g of trichinelle.Most often, a person is infected with the use of meat, fat, ham, bacon, breasts, as well as sausages made of carcasses of infected animals.
Clinically trichinellosis manifests itself by general symptoms of discomfort, headache, fever at 38-39 ° C.
A little later, a pronounced edema of the eyelids or the entire side appears, sometimes swelling of the limbs occurs.These symptoms add muscle pain - calf, chewing, lumbar.Little by little, muscle pain intensifies, spread to new muscle groups.The patient's movements are becoming more and more limited, sometimes up to complete immobilization.
The patient's body intoxication with parasitic life products causes damage to the heart, lungs, brain and may be the cause of the patient's death.
Helminthiasis Prevention
In order to prevent infection by helminths, several rules must be respected, namely:
- Observe the simplest rules of personal hygiene, including hand washing after the street, before meals, after contact with money and animals.
- Try to avoid contacts with stray animals and if you have a pet, regularly visit a veterinary clinic.It is imperative to conduct animal department courses with the frequency recommended by the veterinarian.
- Wash the fruits, vegetables, berries carefully, even if they come from your personal plot.
- Do not drink water and do not wash dishes and food with water, of which you are not sure.
- Eat only products that have passed the necessary heat treatment.
- Provide insect protection in your kitchen.For example, to enter the window openings, cover ready -made dishes.
- Do not eat dried or dried fish.
- Do not use a homemade salted lank.